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All patients presented acutely with new seizures or changes in mental status.A history of drug abuse was elicited in seven of the nine remaining patients.Renal failure was present in six cases.Symmetric bilateral caudate and putamen hyperintensity on T2-weighted images was found in all cases with variable extension to the surrounding white matter,thalamus,and brain stem.Postmortem neuropathologic examination in two cases revealed numerous microinfarcts in a distribution similar to the MR signal abnormalities.The MR appearance of basal ganglia hyperintensity in this series of AIDS patients represents ischemic tissue injury.We propose that this clinicopathologic entity is precipitated by the combined effects of human immunodeficiency virus infection and drug use,particularly cocaine and/or associated toxic contaminants. |
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acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
basal ganglia
basal ganglia,lesion of
basal ganglia,lesion,bilateral
caudate nucleus,lesion of
caudate nucleus,lesion of,bilateral
cerebral ischemia
human immunodeficiency virus type 1
microinfarcts
MRI
MRI,abnormal
MRI,high signal foci on
MRI,high signal intensity of basal ganglia
neuropathology
putamen,lesion of
putamen,lesion of,bilateral
seizure
striatum,lesion of
striatum,lesion of,bilateral
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